Creating a figure ground map, also known as a figure-ground diagram or Nolli map, is an essential skill in urban planning, architecture, and landscape architecture. This type of map is used to visualize the relationship between built and unbuilt spaces, providing valuable insights into the organization and functionality of urban environments. Developed by Giambattista Nolli in the 18th century, figure ground maps have evolved to incorporate modern techniques and technologies, yet their fundamental principles remain unchanged. In this article, we will delve into the world of figure ground maps, exploring their significance, and providing five expert tips for creating effective and informative figure ground maps.
Understanding Figure Ground Maps
A figure ground map is a two-dimensional representation of a city or urban area, where buildings, streets, and other built structures are depicted in a solid color (usually black), while open spaces such as parks, plazas, and water bodies are shown in a contrasting color (often white). This visual distinction between built and unbuilt areas enables planners, architects, and policymakers to analyze the spatial relationships between different elements of the urban landscape, identify patterns and trends, and make informed decisions about future development and design. For instance, a study by the Urban Land Institute found that cities with a higher proportion of green spaces tend to have lower crime rates and improved air quality.
Key Points
- Figure ground maps are a valuable tool for urban planning and analysis
- They help visualize the relationship between built and unbuilt spaces
- Effective figure ground maps require careful consideration of scale, color, and symbolization
- Modern technologies such as GIS and computer-aided design (CAD) software have enhanced the creation and analysis of figure ground maps
- Figure ground maps can be used to identify areas for improvement and inform evidence-based decision-making
Tips for Creating Effective Figure Ground Maps
Creating a figure ground map requires attention to detail, a thorough understanding of the urban environment, and a clear visual communication strategy. Here are five expert tips to help you create informative and effective figure ground maps:
Tip 1: Choose the Right Scale. The scale of your figure ground map will depend on the level of detail you want to convey and the size of the area you are mapping. A larger scale (e.g., 1:1,000) is suitable for detailed analysis of small areas, while a smaller scale (e.g., 1:10,000) is better suited for broader, city-wide analysis. For example, a study by the Journal of Urban Planning and Development used a scale of 1:5,000 to analyze the impact of urban sprawl on transportation patterns.
Tip 2: Select Appropriate Colors and Symbols. The choice of colors and symbols used in your figure ground map is crucial for effective communication. Built areas are typically represented in black, while open spaces are shown in white. However, you may also use other colors and symbols to represent different types of land use, such as green for parks and gardens, or blue for water bodies. Consider using a legend to explain the meaning of each color and symbol.
| Color | Land Use |
|---|---|
| Black | Built areas (e.g., buildings, roads) |
| White | Open spaces (e.g., parks, plazas) |
| Green | Parks and gardens |
| Blue | Water bodies (e.g., rivers, lakes) |
Tip 3: Consider the Context. When creating a figure ground map, it is essential to consider the context in which the map will be used. Think about the purpose of the map, the audience, and the level of detail required. For example, a figure ground map intended for urban planning purposes may require more detailed information about land use and zoning regulations than a map intended for general public consumption.
Tip 4: Use Modern Technologies. Modern technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and computer-aided design (CAD) software have greatly enhanced the creation and analysis of figure ground maps. These tools enable you to create highly detailed and accurate maps, as well as perform complex spatial analysis and modeling. For instance, GIS software can be used to analyze the spatial relationships between different land uses and identify patterns and trends.
Tip 5: Keep it Simple and Clear. Finally, it is essential to keep your figure ground map simple and clear. Avoid clutter and excessive detail, and focus on conveying the most important information in a visually appealing and easy-to-understand format. Use clear labels and legends, and consider using visual hierarchies to draw attention to key features and patterns.
What is the primary purpose of a figure ground map?
+The primary purpose of a figure ground map is to visualize the relationship between built and unbuilt spaces in an urban environment, providing insights into the organization and functionality of the city.
What is the recommended scale for a figure ground map?
+The recommended scale for a figure ground map depends on the level of detail required and the size of the area being mapped. A larger scale (e.g., 1:1,000) is suitable for detailed analysis of small areas, while a smaller scale (e.g., 1:10,000) is better suited for broader, city-wide analysis.
What colors and symbols should be used in a figure ground map?
+Built areas are typically represented in black, while open spaces are shown in white. Other colors and symbols can be used to represent different types of land use, such as green for parks and gardens, or blue for water bodies.